Finance offers diverse career paths from investment banking to fintech. Learn how to break into this competitive field.
Investment Banking
M&A, IPOs, deal-making. High-pressure, high-reward.
Equity Research
Analyze stocks, write reports, make recommendations.
Corporate Finance
FP&A, budgeting, internal financial planning.
Fintech
Tech-first finance: payments, lending, wealthtech.
Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan, Citi, HSBC, Kotak IB, Avendus
Blackrock, HDFC AMC, SBI MF, ICICI Prudential, Nippon India
Razorpay, PhonePe, Zerodha, CRED, Groww, Paytm, Jupiter
Is a commerce background required?
Helpful but not required. Many engineers work in finance. You'll need to learn accounting basics.
Should I pursue CA or CFA?
CA for audit/tax path. CFA for investment roles. For internships, focus on skills first; certifications can come later.
The most prestigious and demanding path. You'll work on mergers, acquisitions, IPOs, and debt offerings.
Analyze companies, write research reports, and make buy/sell recommendations. More analytical, less transactional.
Work within companies on budgeting, forecasting, and internal financial planning. Better work-life balance.
Blend of finance and technology. Work on payments, lending, or wealth management products.
| Role/Company Type | Stipend Range | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Bulge Bracket IB | ₹80K-1.5L/month | 10-12 weeks |
| Domestic IB (Kotak, Avendus) | ₹50K-80K/month | 8-12 weeks |
| Big 4 (Deals/Advisory) | ₹40K-60K/month | 8-12 weeks |
| Asset Management | ₹30K-50K/month | 8-12 weeks |
| Fintech Companies | ₹40K-80K/month | 3-6 months |
| Corporate Finance | ₹20K-40K/month | 2-6 months |
Financial modeling is THE core skill for most finance roles. Here's what you need to learn:
"Walk me through the 3 financial statements"
Income statement shows profitability. Balance sheet shows assets and liabilities at a point in time. Cash flow shows actual cash movements. They're connected through net income and changes in working capital.
"If depreciation increases by ₹10, what happens to each statement?"
Income: Operating income ↓ ₹10, Net income ↓ ₹7 (after 30% tax). Cash flow: Add back ₹10 depreciation. Net cash up ₹3. Balance sheet: PP&E ↓ ₹10, Retained earnings ↓ ₹7, Cash ↑ ₹3.
"How do you value a company?"
Three main methods: 1) DCF (intrinsic value based on future cash flows), 2) Comparable companies (relative value using trading multiples), 3) Precedent transactions (M&A deal multiples).
"What is WACC?"
Weighted Average Cost of Capital. It's the blended cost of a company's debt and equity financing. Used as the discount rate in DCF. Formula: (E/V × Re) + (D/V × Rd × (1-T))
"Company A has ₹100Cr revenue, 20% EBITDA margin. What's enterprise value at 10x EBITDA?"
EBITDA = ₹100Cr × 20% = ₹20Cr. Enterprise Value = ₹20Cr × 10 = ₹200Cr.
| Certification | Best For | Time/Cost | Worth It? |
|---|---|---|---|
| CFA | Equity research, asset mgmt | 3 levels, ₹4-5L total | Yes for investment roles |
| CA | Audit, tax, CFO track | 3-4 years | Yes for accounting path |
| FRM | Risk management | 2 levels, ₹1-1.5L | Nice to have |
| FMVA | Financial modeling | Self-paced, ₹30-40K | Great for skills |
Yes! IITs and NITs place well into IB. Your quantitative skills are valued. You'll need to learn accounting and valuation, but that's learnable. Many top IB analysts are engineers.
Very important for IB/PE. Top banks recruit heavily from IIMs, ISB, IITs, SRCC. But fintech and corporate finance are more accessible. Skills + certifications can compensate.
Demanding. Expect 80-100 hour weeks during deals. Weekends often aren't free. It's a 2-3 year grind, then exit opportunities open up (PE, hedge funds, corporate roles with better hours).
Pick a company you know well. Analyze financials (3 years), understand the business model, identify 2-3 key catalysts, calculate fair value using DCF/comparables, and have a clear Buy/Sell recommendation with target price.
Big 4 (Deals/Transaction Services) is a solid path to IB. Many people lateral from Big 4 to banks after 2-3 years. It's a longer route but very common. Audit is harder to transition from.
Different, not better. Fintech offers faster growth, more innovation, better work-life balance, and tech exposure. Traditional finance offers deeper financial training, clearer career paths, and higher prestige for some roles.
"From engineering to Goldman Sachs..."
"I'm a mechanical engineer from IIT Roorkee. Spent 6 months learning financial modeling, did 2 boutique IB internships, and landed Goldman M&A. The technical skills from engineering helped a lot." — Arjun
"Fintech changed my trajectory..."
"I joined Razorpay as a product intern straight from college. The combination of finance domain and tech skills was perfect for me. Now leading a payments product team at 25." — Sneha, IIM Calcutta
"CFA + persistence paid off..."
"I'm from a Tier-2 college. Passed CFA L1 while in final year, did 3 internships at smaller funds, and finally got into HDFC AMC for equity research. College brand matters less if you have skills and persistence." — Vikram
Week 1: Excel Foundations
Master VLOOKUP, pivot tables, and basic charts. Take a free Excel course on YouTube or Coursera.
Week 2: Financial Statements
Learn to read and analyze P&L, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow. Pick 3 companies and study their annual reports.
Week 3: Valuation Basics
Understand DCF, comparable companies, and precedent transactions. Watch Aswath Damodaran's valuation lectures.
Week 4: Build Your First Model
Create a 3-statement model for a company. Prepare a stock pitch. Start applying for internships.
Finance rewards those who are detail-oriented, analytical, and hungry to learn. Start with Excel, understand the basics, and apply widely.
Whether you choose the high-intensity IB path or the tech-forward fintech route, building strong fundamentals now will pay dividends throughout your career.
The best time to start learning finance is now. Open that Excel sheet. 💰
Written by Sproutern Career Team
Based on insights from finance professionals across India.
Regularly updated
