DevOps has transformed how software is built and delivered. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to become a successful DevOps engineer or SRE.
DevOps is a set of practices, tools, and cultural philosophy that automates and integrates the processes between software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops). The goal is to deliver software faster, more reliably, and with better quality.
Plan
Define requirements, track work. Tools: Jira, Azure Boards.
Code
Write and review code. Tools: Git, GitHub, GitLab.
Build
Compile and package. Tools: Maven, npm, Docker.
Test
Automated testing. Tools: Jest, Selenium, pytest.
Deploy
Release to production. Tools: Kubernetes, ArgoCD.
Operate
Run and manage. Tools: Terraform, Ansible.
Monitor
Track metrics and logs. Tools: Prometheus, Grafana, Datadog.
Feedback
Learn and improve. Close the loop back to Plan.
Continuous Integration (CI)
Merge code frequently. Run automated tests on every commit. Catch bugs early.
Continuous Delivery (CD)
Code is always deployable. Automated pipelines to staging. One-click production releases.
Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
Define infrastructure in code (Terraform, CloudFormation). Version control, reproducible, auditable.
Monitoring & Observability
Metrics, logs, traces. Understand system behavior. Detect issues before users notice.
| Aspect | Traditional | DevOps |
|---|---|---|
| Deployment | Monthly/quarterly | Daily/hourly |
| Teams | Siloed Dev & Ops | Collaborative |
| Infrastructure | Manual setup | Automated IaC |
| Failure | Blame culture | Blameless postmortems |
DevOps Engineer (Most Common)
Build CI/CD pipelines, manage infrastructure, automate processes. The core DevOps role in most companies.
Skills: CI/CD, Docker, Kubernetes, cloud, scripting
Site Reliability Engineer (SRE)
Focus on reliability and scalability. More software engineering focus. Popularized by Google.
Skills: Programming, monitoring, incident response, SLOs
Platform Engineer
Build internal developer platforms. Enable developers to self-serve infrastructure. Emerging hot role.
Skills: Kubernetes, GitOps, developer experience
Cloud Engineer
Design and manage cloud infrastructure. AWS/Azure/GCP focused. Often overlaps with DevOps.
Skills: Cloud platforms, networking, security, IaC
| Skill | Description | Priority |
|---|---|---|
| Linux | Command line, shell scripting, system admin | 🟢 Essential |
| Git | Version control, branching strategies | 🟢 Essential |
| Docker | Containerization, Dockerfile, Docker Compose | 🟢 Essential |
| CI/CD | Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI | 🟢 Essential |
| Cloud (AWS/Azure/GCP) | At least one cloud platform | 🟢 Essential |
| Kubernetes | Container orchestration | 🟡 Important |
| Terraform | Infrastructure as Code | 🟡 Important |
| Python/Bash | Scripting and automation | 🟡 Important |
| Category | Popular Tools | Learn First |
|---|---|---|
| Version Control | Git, GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket | Git + GitHub |
| CI/CD | GitHub Actions, Jenkins, GitLab CI, CircleCI | GitHub Actions |
| Containers | Docker, Podman, containerd | Docker |
| Orchestration | Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, ECS | Kubernetes |
| IaC | Terraform, Pulumi, CloudFormation | Terraform |
| Config Management | Ansible, Chef, Puppet | Ansible |
| Monitoring | Prometheus, Grafana, Datadog, New Relic | Prometheus + Grafana |
CI/CD is the heart of DevOps. It enables frequent, reliable software releases through automation.
Blue-Green Deployment
Two identical environments. Switch traffic from blue to green. Instant rollback by switching back.
Canary Deployment
Release to small percentage of users first. Monitor, then gradually increase. Reduces risk.
Rolling Deployment
Update instances one by one. No downtime. Slower rollback. Common in Kubernetes.
| Role | Entry | Mid | Senior |
|---|---|---|---|
| DevOps Engineer | ₹8-15 LPA | ₹18-35 LPA | ₹40-70 LPA |
| SRE | ₹10-18 LPA | ₹22-45 LPA | ₹50-90 LPA |
| Platform Engineer | ₹12-20 LPA | ₹25-50 LPA | ₹55-100 LPA |
| Role | Entry | Mid | Senior |
|---|---|---|---|
| DevOps Engineer | $95K-130K | $140K-180K | $190K-260K |
| SRE | $110K-150K | $160K-210K | $220K-300K |
1. Dockerize an Application
Take any app, create Dockerfile, multi-stage builds, Docker Compose for local development.
2. CI/CD Pipeline
Build a complete pipeline with GitHub Actions—test, build, deploy to cloud.
3. Kubernetes Deployment
Deploy app to Kubernetes with deployments, services, ingress, and Helm charts.
4. Infrastructure as Code
Define AWS infrastructure with Terraform—VPC, EC2, RDS, S3. Full environment setup.
5. Complete Platform
End-to-end: Terraform for infra, GitOps with ArgoCD, monitoring with Prometheus/Grafana.
| Certification | Focus | Value |
|---|---|---|
| AWS SAA | AWS cloud architecture | ⭐ Highly valued |
| CKA (Certified Kubernetes Admin) | Kubernetes | ⭐ Top K8s cert |
| Terraform Associate | Infrastructure as Code | Good for IaC |
| Azure Administrator | Azure cloud | For Azure shops |
Do I need to be a developer to become DevOps?
Not required, but helpful. Many come from sysadmin or IT backgrounds. You will need scripting skills (Python, Bash).
DevOps vs SRE—what's the difference?
DevOps is broader (culture + tools). SRE is more specific— applying software engineering to operations. SRE often pays more.
Which cloud should I learn first?
AWS for most jobs. Azure if targeting enterprises. Concepts transfer between clouds.
Is DevOps a good career?
Absolutely. Demand continues to grow. Companies can't hire fast enough. Evolving into Platform Engineering.
DevOps is not just a job—it's a movement that has fundamentally changed how software is built and operated. With strong demand and excellent compensation, it's a rewarding career path.
Start with Linux and Git, master Docker and CI/CD, learn a cloud platform, and build your portfolio. The software industry needs engineers who can bridge development and operations.
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